Construction Archives - Civil Engineering Notes

Types of Foundations in Civil Engineering Projects

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 15 Jul 2024 12:24:24 +0000

Different types of foundations used in the construction industry include shallow foundations, deep foundations, and special foundations.

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Types of Flush Doors

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 13:36:51 +0000

Find out the different types of flush doors and the various materials used for making them. Differences between flush door vs. panel door.

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Paneled Doors : Types, Designs and Benefits of Using It

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 12:27:50 +0000

Different types of paneled doors : single-panel door, two-panel door, four-panel door, six-panel door, glass panel door are common types.

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Types of Doors: Illustrated Guide to Different Door Styles

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 20 May 2024 13:05:30 +0000

Explore various types of doors: wooden, sliding, rolling, bi-fold, barn, and more. Find interior and exterior door options with our guide.

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Uses of Concrete: What Are The Innovative Applications of It?

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 11 Apr 2024 13:07:04 +0000

Various types of uses of concrete in modern construction technology. Unique & innovative applications of concrete.

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Ultra High-strength Concrete (UHSC)

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 13:14:42 +0000

Ultra-High Strength Concrete (UHSC) is an advanced form of concrete known for its exceptional strength and durability.

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Pony Wall Uses and Ideas

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 02 Nov 2023 11:56:52 +0000

Explore some real-world examples and uses of pony walls that will make you want to build them for your next interior or exterior project.

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Residential Building: Types and Must-Know Tips for Homebuyers

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 12 Oct 2023 12:25:49 +0000

People choose to live in several types of residential buildings. Each residential building type meets the precise necessity for which it's designed.

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Plinth : Importance & Ideal Height

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 11 May 2023 13:00:37 +0000

Ideal height of plinth is dependent on factors such as the height of the structure, soil, and environmental conditions of the site location.

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Types of Plasterboard and Where to Use Them

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 30 Mar 2023 12:39:42 +0000

Plasterboard is used in modern construction to create walls and ceilings. There are several types of plasterboard to choose from.

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Partition Walls: A Comprehensive Guide

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 26 Mar 2023 13:10:28 +0000

Partition walls are classified into several types based on the materials used in their construction and each type has its own advantages.

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A Buyer’s Guide to Wall Tiles

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 06 Mar 2023 13:08:18 +0000

What size of wall tiles should I use in my bathrooms? Well, this is one of the most divisive topic among home owners and contractors.

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Skirting Tiles : Everything You Need to Know

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 10 Feb 2023 12:25:21 +0000

Skirting tiles is a type of tile that is used to finish off the lower portion of a wall, typically where it meets the floor.

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Superstructure in Building Construction

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 19 Jan 2023 12:55:29 +0000

A superstructure is portion of building/ structure that is above foundation and supports the loads imposed by structure and its intended use.

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Substructure in Building

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 03 Jan 2023 08:32:12 +0000

The substructure in building construction refers to the section of the structure that is below ground level and supports the superstructure.

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Basic Components of Building Structure

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 19 Dec 2022 12:18:41 +0000

Building elements or components of building are the important sections of a building that together form a complete structure.

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Mixing of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 09 May 2022 09:42:27 +0000

Concrete mixing is the process of mixing the materials needed to form concrete, such as cement, sand, aggregate, water & admixtures (if any).

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Methods of Batching of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 28 Apr 2022 07:45:17 +0000

Batching of concrete is the process in which the elements or ingredients required for producing the concrete mix such as cement, sand, aggregate and water are measured in quantity for correct mixing according to the mix ratio. Accurate quantity of all the ingredients should be used to produce high-quality concrete. Batching of concrete is a ... Read more

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Compaction of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 12:38:41 +0000

The process of compaction of concrete is essential because it consolidates the concrete in corners and edges of the place where it is placed.

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Types of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 22 Mar 2022 09:32:39 +0000

For variety of construction projects, different types of concrete are required. Each form of concrete has its own set of characteristics.

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Flat Roof Materials for Waterproofing

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 14 Mar 2022 09:15:44 +0000

There is no need to be concerned about leaks or repairs if proper flat roof waterproofing materials are applied to your roofing system.

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Roofing Materials for Pitched Roof

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 09:38:32 +0000

Pitch and flat roofs are most common roof forms. We've covered some of the most popular and widely used roofing materials for pitched roofs.

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Staircase Materials

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 17 Feb 2022 07:20:27 +0000

Staircase materials have evolved over time in hands of modern architects. Different types of stair materials are available in market.

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Types of Stairs

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 10 Feb 2022 08:41:27 +0000

Three major types of stairs which are commonly used worldwide are straight flight stairs, turning stairs and circular stairs.

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Components of Stairs

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 04 Feb 2022 08:10:25 +0000

A stair is a set of stairs that give a means of ascending and descending between floors or landings. Basic components of stairs are as follows

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Pile Foundation – Types & Driving Methods

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 27 Jan 2022 13:10:08 +0000

A pile foundation is substructure element made up of piles. They are responsible for transmitting structure's gravity loads to subsurface.

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Geosynthetics Applications in Civil Engineering

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 08 Jan 2022 12:46:06 +0000

Because of its unique benefits, geosynthetics are increasingly being used in civil engineering projects worldwide.

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Sound Proof Insulation Materials

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 05 Jan 2022 11:45:49 +0000

The basic features of sound proof insulation materials should be thoroughly studied before picking any of them.

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Distemper Paint

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 28 Dec 2021 08:51:45 +0000

Distemper paint is a type of water-based paint that is widely used. White chalk and thinner are common ingredients in distemper paints.

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Painting Defects – Causes and Cure

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 24 Dec 2021 13:34:52 +0000

Painting defects are a typical faults on painted surfaces that develop over time. This defects can occur for a variety of causes.

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How to Paint Woodwork : Steps to Get You Started

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 17 Dec 2021 08:23:38 +0000

Before painting a new woodwork, several preparations must be made in order to complete the painting operation in synchronised manner.

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Different Methods of Pointing in Construction

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 12 Nov 2021 09:35:56 +0000

The subsequent treatment at the joints, known as "pointing", is mostly a structural need. It ensures long-term durability.

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Concrete as Building Material

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 29 Oct 2021 08:01:30 +0000

Concrete, in technical terms, is any product or mass created with the use of a cementing medium & is most extensively used building material.

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Vee-Bee Test of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 20 Oct 2021 08:06:13 +0000

The vee-bee test is another method for determining the workability of concrete. The name vee-bee is taken from the initials of V. Bahrner.

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Compaction Factor Test of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 13 Oct 2021 07:34:12 +0000

The compactability of concrete is measured using the compaction factor test, which is an important feature of workability of concrete.

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Slump Test of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 08 Oct 2021 08:18:53 +0000

Slump test of concrete is lab/ field test that is used to determine workability of concrete. It is measure of consistency of concrete mix.

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Admixtures for Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 05 Oct 2021 12:33:53 +0000

Concrete Admixtures are elements added to concrete mix before or during mixing to improve various properties in the fresh or hardened form.

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Understanding Rheology of Concrete & Factors Affecting It

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 28 Sep 2021 08:36:41 +0000

Rheology of Concrete is study of how matter flows and deforms, and it describes how force, deformation and time interact with each other.

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Types of Stone Masonry Construction Tools

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 24 Sep 2021 12:11:43 +0000

Stone masonry is a building technique in which natural stones are used instead of bricks. Important stone masonry tools are gad, drag, spall hammer.

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Grout/ Grouting Technique in Construction

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:25:32 +0000

Grouting is the process of injecting liquids or semi-solid mixtures under pressure to achieve one or more desired end results.

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Gunite/ Guniting : Everything You Need to Know

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 09 Sep 2021 12:16:29 +0000

Gunite can be defined as a mortar made up of cement and sand that is transmitted by a gun. Gunite can be used to make thin-section structures.

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Uses and Classification of Mortar

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 28 Aug 2021 12:37:39 +0000

Classification of mortar is based on properties of the building mortar. There are various uses of mortar in construction industry.

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Characteristics of Good Mortar

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 26 Aug 2021 12:42:06 +0000

Strength, mobility and placeability, resistance to rain penetration and water retention are the main characteristics of good mortar.

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Different Types of Mortar Used in Construction

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 24 Aug 2021 06:01:05 +0000

There are different types of mortar used in the construction industry. The most common type of mortar used is cement mortar.

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Important Building Materials Used in Construction Industry

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 30 Jul 2021 11:30:17 +0000

All of the architectural constructions are made up of a variety of materials. These are referred to as construction or building materials.

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Properties of Building Materials & Their Importance

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 27 Jul 2021 12:47:38 +0000

The properties of building materials are used to divide them into distinct groups. They are dictated by their primary applications.

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Joint Sealer : Types and Properties

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 07 Jan 2021 06:33:17 +0000

Joint Sealer is used to seal the top of construction joints or expansion joint which are filled with joint filler materials.

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Concrete Expansion Joint Filler Materials

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 25 Dec 2020 09:07:18 +0000

The concrete joints/ expansion occured at construction site are filled with compressible materials known as concrete expansion joint filler.

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Road Pavement : Purpose, Types & Components

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 08 Dec 2020 08:50:46 +0000

A layered structure supported by the sub-grade soil to form the carriageway of the road is called a road pavement or pavement of road.

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Bar Bending Schedule : How to Prepare BBS

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 02 Dec 2020 17:31:55 +0000

Bar bending schedule or schedule of bars is a tabular representation of reinforcement bar. BBS is prepared while estimating R.C.C work.

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Camber in Road : It’s Purpose & Types

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 06 Nov 2020 11:23:40 +0000

When the center of the carriage way is slightly raised above its edges on straight portion of the road is called as camber or cross slope.

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Road Curves in Road and Track Alignment

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 01 Nov 2020 11:14:22 +0000

Road Curves play a vital role in the geometric design of road and railway alignments. Hence, it must be properly studied and designed.

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What is Sight Distance (Highway Engineering)

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 17 Oct 2020 12:07:10 +0000

Sight distance is the length of road visible ahead to the driver at any instance.

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Alignment of Road (Highway Engineering)

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 05 Oct 2020 06:55:38 +0000

The position occupied by the center line of a road in plan is called alignment of road. A new road should be aligned very carefully.

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Cement Concrete Road Construction Procedure

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 21 Sep 2020 06:29:27 +0000

Road having their top surface consisting of cement concrete slab are called as cement concrete road. Cement concrete roads are rigid pavement

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Road Drainage System (Highway Engineering)

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 07 Sep 2020 06:06:32 +0000

The system which is designed for collection, removal and disposal of surface ans sub-surface water from road is called as road drainage.

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Maintenance of Roads & It’s Classification

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 24 Aug 2020 06:49:20 +0000

Maintenance of Roads is nothing but the art of keeping the existing road in good working condition for proper functioning of traffic.

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Using Recycled Concrete as Aggregate

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 13 Aug 2020 11:51:19 +0000

Recycled concrete as aggregate is nothing but aggregates produced from the previously used construction material such as masonry or concrete.

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Building Construction : Procedure For Constructing a Building

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 30 Jul 2020 12:19:56 +0000

Constructing a building is possible only when the planning of building construction is done by a skilled and experienced person.

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Combined Footing Types

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 11 Jul 2020 05:19:05 +0000

Combined footing is a type of footing provided when distance between 2 columns is small and soil bearing capacity is lower.

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Thermal Insulation : Definition, Materials & Methods

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 02 Jul 2020 07:04:05 +0000

Thermal Insulating Materials : Slab Insulation, Blanket Insulation, Loose Fill Insulation, Bat Insulating Materials, Insulating Boards, Reflective Sheet etc

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Curved Roof : Construction, Advantages & Disadvantages

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 17 Jun 2020 13:04:07 +0000

Curved roof are the modifications of pitched roofs and are used to cover large areas shed/roofs and domes. Curved roofs are mostly used in big structures.

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Flat Roof : Types, Advantages & Disadvantages

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 09 Jun 2020 05:26:55 +0000

A roof laid at an angle of less than 10° to the horizontal is known as flat roof. Flat roof may be of reinforced cement concrete, reinforced brick work etc.

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Lintel Definition & Types of Lintels

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 07 Apr 2020 12:45:49 +0000

A horizontal member which is fixed over openings namely doors & windows to support the openings is known as Lintel. Lintels behave just like beam.

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Pitched Roof : Components & Types of Pitched Roof

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 23 Mar 2020 11:55:53 +0000

The pitched roof generally have sloping top surface and these are useful at places where rainfall or snow fall is heavy. Pitched roof are used in factories.

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Cavity Wall : Construction, Insulation, Advantages & Disadvantages

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 19 Mar 2020 17:09:15 +0000

A cavity wall consists of 2 separate walls called leaves with a cavity gap in between. The cavity wall are constructed for better insulation to building.

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Types of Scaffolding in Construction

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 16 Mar 2020 07:30:35 +0000

Types of Scaffolding : Single and Double Scaffolding, Cantilever Scaffolding, Suspended Scaffolding, Trestle Scaffolding, Steel and Patented Scaffolding.

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Damp Proof Course (DPC)

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 13 Mar 2020 11:42:30 +0000

In order to prevent the entry of moisture in the building, the damp proof course (D.P.C) is provided at various levels of the entry of damp into building.

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Ceramics : Properties & Classification of Ceramic

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 04 Oct 2019 11:52:20 +0000

The word ceramics is of Greek origin (keromos) meaning potter's earth or day ceramics. Ceramic is used to deflate wide range of silicates & metallic oxides.

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Aggregate | Classification & Test on Aggregate

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 30 Sep 2019 12:40:41 +0000

In the construction aggregate are used as filler material in the production of concrete and mortar. Aggregate occupy around 70-80% volume of the concrete.

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Timber – Classification, Types, Defects in Timber

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 17 Sep 2019 11:59:10 +0000

Timber or lumber is wood used for building and other engineering purposes. It is obtained from trunk of trees. Trees gives different types of timber.

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Bridge Failure in Civil Engineering

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 07 Sep 2019 13:29:08 +0000

Bridge failure don't occure often but when they do the results are spectacular and unforgettable. Bridge failure occurs due to ultimate tensile strength.

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Column Failure and It’s Types

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 10 Aug 2019 14:04:05 +0000

Columns are used to transfer the load vertically to the horizontal beams. Generally column failure occurs due to compression failure and buckling.

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Fly Ash : Properties, Uses & Disadvantages

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 28 Jul 2019 13:31:40 +0000

Fly ash is considered as one of the important and advantageous waste material in construction industry. It is residue produced during the combustion of coal

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Workability of Concrete & Factors Affecting It

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 23 Jul 2019 05:04:18 +0000

Workability of concrete is defined as the property of freshly mixed concrete which determines the ease and homogeneity with which it can be mixed placed, consolidated and finished.

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Dampness & Damp Proofing Materials

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 19 Jul 2019 12:29:07 +0000

Dampness is the presence of moisture in the various parts of buildings such as a floor, wall, roof etc. Dampness in building leads to unpleasant conditions.

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Different Grades of Cement

Vikrant Mane — Thu, 18 Jul 2019 11:51:09 +0000

Grades of Cement denotes the average compressive strength of cement after 28 days of setting. Grades of cement available are grade 33, grade 43, grade 53.

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What is Floor Space Index & How to Calculate it

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 17 Jul 2019 12:36:22 +0000

FSI stands for 'Floor Space Index' also known as 'Floor Area Ratio'. Floor Space Index means the ratio between the area of covered floor to area of plot.

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Concrete Spalling : Causes & Prevention

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 15 Jul 2019 10:43:38 +0000

Concrete Spalling is breakaway of concrete surface which often extends to top layers of reinforcing steel.Concrete spalling maybe 150 mm or more in diameter

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Honeycombs in Concrete – Causes & Prevention

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 12 Jul 2019 16:55:53 +0000

When the surface looks very rough with voids and gaps between concrete and the reinforcement it is called as 'Honeycomb in Concrete'. Honeycombs in concrete

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Brick Masonry : Basics Guide For Students

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 10 Jul 2019 14:31:08 +0000

Brick Masonry is the process of laying bricks and along with mortar to form a structure which can transmit the super-imposed load to the foundation.

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Construction Joints in Concrete & It’s Advantages

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 09 Jul 2019 11:32:44 +0000

Construction Joints are placed when the mass concreting works are done and cannot be completed on a single stretch.The interface of the past days hard concre

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Cracks in Concrete : Causes & Preventive Measures

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 07 Jul 2019 05:41:46 +0000

Cracks in Concrete is one of the most common thing which one sees in the different concrete members. Cracks in concrete is always misunderstood concept.

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Curing of Concrete | Types of Curing

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 03 Jul 2019 11:41:03 +0000

Curing of concrete is the process in which the moisture is maintained inside the freshly casted concrete to continue the hydration process.

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Segregation of Concrete & How to Prevent it

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 30 Jun 2019 12:18:11 +0000

Segregation of concrete means separation of ingredients from design fresh concrete resulting in the non-uniform mix.Segregation causes honeycombing.

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What is Bleeding of Concrete ?

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 29 Jun 2019 11:41:46 +0000

Bleeding of concrete is one of the concrete related problems. It is mostly observed in a highly wet mix and badly proportioned concrete ingredients.

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What is High Performance Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 25 Jun 2019 13:37:47 +0000

High performance concrete is a concrete mixture which has high workability, strength, modulus of physical property, density, low permeability.

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What is Lightweight Concrete ? Types & Uses

Vikrant Mane — Mon, 24 Jun 2019 12:49:27 +0000

Lightweight concrete is special type of concrete which weighs lighter than normal concrete. Density of lightweight concrete is conventionally low.

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What is Stone Dressing ? Stages and Types

Vikrant Mane — Sun, 23 Jun 2019 17:57:19 +0000

The stone dressing is a process of surfacing and shaping of rocks available naturally. The stone dressing is generally done using hand tools like Chisel.

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What is Prestressed Concrete ?

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 22 Jun 2019 12:30:59 +0000

Prestressed concrete is used in all kinds of structures from bridges to buildings, silos and tanks. The basic principle behind prestressed concrete is that

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Different Types of Grades of Concrete

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 21 Jun 2019 17:19:53 +0000

Grades of Concrete is defined by the minimum compressive strength the concrete posses after 28 days of casting. Generally there are 15 grades of concrete.

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Bituminous Road : Types & Construction Procedure

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 14 Jun 2019 12:06:03 +0000

Bituminous road consist of their surface with bituminous materials called as Asphalt or Bitumen. It is sticky viscous liquid obtained from natural deposits

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Earth Road : Types and Construction Procedure

Vikrant Mane — Wed, 12 Jun 2019 11:17:31 +0000

In Earth Road the foundation and wearing surface of the earth road consists of one or two compacted layers of an ordinary soil or stabilized soil.

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WBM Road : Construction Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages

Vikrant Mane — Tue, 11 Jun 2019 07:21:10 +0000

WBM road means water bound macadam road. The wearing surface of WBM road consist of clean and crushed aggregates which are interlocked by rolling operation.

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Super Elevation and How to Calculate it

Vikrant Mane — Sat, 08 Jun 2019 16:48:10 +0000

The inward transverse inclination provided to cross section of carriage way at horizontal curved portion of the road is called as Super Elevation.

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Soil Compaction Equipments- Types of Rollers

Vikrant Mane — Fri, 24 May 2019 13:37:21 +0000

Rollers play very important role on the construction site. They are generally used for compacting soil. There are different types of rollers available.

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